GS 34:2007

                                                                   LEAD-ACID STARTER BATTERIES USED FOR  

                                                                              MOTOR VEHICLES AND INTERNAL  

                                                                                          COMBUSTION ENGINES

                                                                                                  机动车启动电池

1- SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION 

This standard is concerned with 6 V and 12 V lead-acid batteries, used  primarily as a power source for starting, lighting auxiliary equipment and  ignition current of internal combustion engine used in vehicles. These batteries  are commonly called “Starter Batteries” or “SLI (Starting, Lighting and  Ignition) Batteries”.  

It covers both the standard batteries ,the maintenance free (MF) batteries and  the low maintenance free (LMF) batteries.   

It is not applicable to batteries for other purposes such as the starting of railcar  internal combustion engines or the lighting of omnibuses.  

2- COMPLEMENTARY REFERENCES  

2.1 GSO 35/1984 “Methods of Test for Lead-Acid Starter Batteries Used for Motor  Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines”.  

2.2 GSO 686/1997 “Water for Lead-Acid Batteries”.  

2.3 GSO 479/1994 “Sulphuric Acid”.  

3- DEFINITIONS  

3.1 Secondary battery: Voltaic cells which after discharge, can be brought back to  its initial (charged) chemical condition by passing a current through it in a  reverse direction to that of discharge.  

3.2 Lead-acid battery: A secondary battery in which the electrodes are made mainly  from lead compound and the electrolyte is a sulphuric acid solution.   For the SLI lead acid battery, this battery is provided with plates  that contain the following active materials:  

--3.2.1 Positive electrode : Lead dioxide.  

--3.2.2 Negative electrode: Lead (Spongy lead).  

--3.2.3 Electrolyte : Diluted sulphuric acid. 

 3.3 Standard battery: A secondary battery is considered as being standard when it  complies with the requirements of Table 5.  

3.4 Maintenance free (MF) battery: A secondary battery which during its service  needs no addition of water, known as “topping up”, provided specified  operating conditions are fulfilled. It shall comply with the requirements of  Table 6.

3.5 Dry charged battery: A secondary battery containing charged plates, but no  electrolyte, that may be activated by the addition of suitable electrolyte.  

3.6 Heavy duty battery: A secondary battery is considered as being heavy duty  battery if it complies with the more severe requirements of life cycle and  vibration resistance as described in Table 7.  

3.7 Sealed battery: A secondary battery that has no provision for “topping up” of  water, but only allows the escape of gases generated in the battery.  

3.8 Electrolyte: A solution of sulphuric acid that acts as a medium for ion  movement and electric conduction between positive and negative electrodes.  

3.9 Plate: A unit that (singly or in groups) is submerged in the electrolyte so that its  surface forms the whole or part of one of the electrodes of the cell.  

3.10 Active material: The portion of plate in which chemical changes occur by the  passage of an electric current through it.  

3.11 Separator: A sheet of porous and/or microporous insulating materials placed  between the positive and negative plates to prevent shorting and to support the  active materials.  

3.12 Vent plug: A removable plug, in the standard battery, closing the filling hole,  which is also employed to permit the free escape of gas from the cell, the plug  shall be provided with a barrier whereby electrolyte spray is arrested.  

3.13 Terminal post (Top terminal): A lead alloy post which projects above the lid of  the end cell of a battery and from which connection is made to the external  circuit or to the end terminal post of another battery.  

3.14 Side terminal: A lead alloy terminal allocated at the side of the battery. These  terminals have threaded “hard” metal inserts for connection of cables.  

3.15 Capacity: The quantity of electricity in ampere-hours that may be taken from a  cell or a battery at a given rate of discharge under specified conditions of  voltage and temperature.  

3.16 Reserve capacity: T The minimum number of minutes that a fully charged battery at  25±2o C can be continuously discharged at 25±1 A to terminal voltage equal to o 1.75 V per  cell. 

3.17 Activation performance: The cranking performance of a dry  charged battery after activating it, with the specified electrolyte.  

3.18 Charge acceptance: The charge acceptance is a measure of the  rechargeability of a partially discharged battery.  

3.19 Charging: The passing of an electric current through the cell so as to bring it to  a chemical condition in which it is capable of supplying electricity to an  external circuit. The quantity of electricity used for this purpose is called a  “charge”, and it is measured in ampere-hours.  

3.20 Cranking performance: The amount of time at a given temperature during  which the battery can continuously deliver high enough current to crank an  engine before falling to a specified cut-off voltage.

3.21 Discharging: The connection of a cell to an external circuit in such a way that  electric current flows from the cell into the external circuit, the quantity of  electricity taken by this method is called a “discharge”. Discharging is  measured in:  

  Ah (Ampere hours) for C20 (20 hours capacity);   

  min (Minutes) for RC (Reserve capacity).  

3.22 Life cycle: The life of a battery expressed as the number of charge and  discharge cycles it can undergo before falling below a specified percentage of  its capacity.  

3.23 Overcharging: Charging a battery after it has attained 100% charge.  

3.24 Self discharge: Loss in capacity over time due to a chemical reaction dependent  on the temperature, specific gravity of electrolyte and impurities.  

3.25 Vibration test: The ability of a battery to withstand specified physical  permanent strains in laboratory tests.  

3.26 Water consumption: The loss of water in a battery during overcharge at  specified temperature and voltage.  

3.27 Head space: The vertical distance between upper level of the inner top surface  of the battery lid and the electrolyte level.  

3.28 Type tests: Tests carried out to prove conformity with the requirements of this  standard. These are intended to prove the general quality and design of a given  type of battery.  

3.29 Acceptance tests: Tests carried out on samples selected from a lot for the  purpose of verifying the acceptability of the lot.  

3.30 Lot: All batteries of the same type, design and rating, manufactured by the  same factory during the same period, using the same process and materials and  offered for inspection at a time, shall constitute a lot.  

3.31 Routine tests: Tests carried out on every battery.  

3.32 Low Maintenance free battery : A secondary battery type standard battery  which shall comply with the requirements of Table 6 .

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